THE LUMADS MUSIC OF THE EARTH

Edwin C. Mercurio




TIMOG COTABATO - Vying for the distinction of being the most Original Pilipino Music (OPM) of the Philippines is the Lumad music of the South Cotabato tribes in Mindanao, Southern Philippines. The melodies emanating from the tribes integration with nature and the spirit world have been given that unique distinction by the Santa Cruz Mission Study Centre in South Cotabato in a film documentary Earth Music.



Handed down from countless generations, the music of the Cotabato Lumads (People of the Earth), has only been lately recognized and appreciated. But it had always been with us. And those who are considered experts in their field attribute their inspiration and success to their communion with nature, the spiritual world and a rich cultural heritage.

The spirits guide me in my songs. If I miss a single word, the Dwata (Gods of my ancestors) will punish me with death, says Mendung Bensawan, a lovely Tboli lass.

Mendung believes that the spirits tell her what to sing. Unschooled and does not even know how to read or write, Mendung can surpass any professional musicians skill in the mastery of her songs, whose verses ooze with poetic style and creativity. Major Tboli feasts like the Lemlunay Festival, celebrated every September, are incomplete without her presence.

One of the most outstanding composition of Mendung tells of the heroic exploits of the legendary Tboli hero Tudbulol. The epic story tells of the mythical hero leading his people's battles against foreign invaders on a white flying horse with sword raised to the sky. Said to be taught to her in a dream by her spirit guide Lintinum, the song describes the heros successful war exploits and announces the advent of the golden age of civilization Lemlunay a mythical place of abundance, justice, peace and harmony.

Eyes fixed at a distance, the outer countenance of Mendung changes as she sings the melody in a trance-like manner, 24 hours during major Tboli celebrations.

Other tribal musicians uses songs, movements and musical instruments to convey love, harmony with the natural world, conflict or even flirting with the opposite sex.

One such musician is a lady named Ganay Dalikan. Known for her charming dance, music and flirtitious eye movements, she was said to have caused her husband to smash her hegelung a two-stringed guitar in a fit of jealous rage.

The tribes harmonious relation with the natural world environment is evident in their music.

Duhel Temlas, a Manobo who plays the dewegey- a coconut two-stringed violin imitates the distressed calls of the trees being cut by loggers or a love-sick woodpecker knocking on trees to attract a potential mating partner.

The kumbing, too, a bamboo flute played between the lips imitates the frogs deep-sounding courtship calls.

Children of the hinterland tribes, also have their own brand of musical entertainment. Anywhere, anytime where tribal children gather, they tap anything in sight with rhythmic beats and there they go a-dancing, coupled with festive laughter and wild cheering. Breakdance, Hip-Hop, GangNam style or what have we, they have their own brand of all time tops monkey dancing complete with whirls, jumping, tumbling, scratching and all the things any normal monkey does.

Music not only serves as a form of entertainment for the tribes of South Cotabato. Its significance and purpose vary. It can be used to express joy at an abundant harvest or serve as outlet for the pent-up emotions of a distressed wife.

Take the case of Ye Bon. Unable to lash out at her husbands wrong doings, she softly hushes a lullaby which not only puts her child to sleep in a cloth hammock but also calms her down after the musical outpouring. In the Tboli world which smacks of machismo, tribal women had to be gentle and obedient. Thus, tribal music has its own variety.

Earth Music captured in video form presents a wide variety of Tboli music played in the natural and pristine surroundings of Lake Sebu. The film documentary whose theme is similar to that of the Vanishing Earth portrays Tboli music in it unique perspective music inspired from the tribes intimate, respectful and harmonious relationship with the natural world.


Even the instruments, with the exception of the gongs, are made from the trees and plants growing in the tropical forest.

Tbolimusic has given a beautiful conscious form and voice to the music of the earth, remarked those who have seen the film.


Sad to say, both Tboli culture and the natural world are threatened in South Cotabato. The Vanishing Earth , another film documentary about the Tboli world, portrays the destructive impact of modern industrial technology in agriculture, subsurface mining and industry on the culture and natural world of the indigenous tribe of South Cotabato, Mindanao. Another tribal community in Tampakan, is facing the onslaught of a rapacious foreign mining firm Xstrata. B'laan tribal leaders together with their children were murdered and shot at their own homes by the Philippine military and hired goons of the mining firm with the flimsy excuse that they are suspected of having ties with the New Peoples Army (NPA). The NPA is the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines and the National Democratic Front of the Philippines.The NPA,an anti-governmentguerilla army is known for its pro-people stand against abuses and environmental destruction causedby foreign mining firms.

The 'Avatar-like" epic story of the T'boli mythical hero Tudbulol tells the tribes that they have the right like all "lumads" (people of the Earth) to protect and defend their lands from foreign and destructive invaders.


Earth Music calls attention to the changes which will inevitably take place in the Tboli world. It also challenges people who have accepted Western values and technology to be more sensitive to the rhythms of the earth.

If we are not, then we are contributing, continuing and accelerating the process which will eventually create a drab, lifeless, silent and lonely earth.